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江苏省地震局,江苏 南京 210014
Received:27 May 2025,
Revised:2025-07-17,
Published:28 October 2025
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卜玉菲,张秀霞,王佳等.地震地电场观测中城市轨道交通信号的滤波方法研究[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2025,45(05):1291-1300.
BU Yufei,ZHANG Xiuxia,WANG Jia,et al.Research on Filtering Methods for Urban Rail Transit Signals in Seismic Geoelectric Field Observation[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2025,45(05):1291-1300.
卜玉菲,张秀霞,王佳等.地震地电场观测中城市轨道交通信号的滤波方法研究[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2025,45(05):1291-1300. DOI: 10.13409/j.cnki.jdpme.20250527005.
BU Yufei,ZHANG Xiuxia,WANG Jia,et al.Research on Filtering Methods for Urban Rail Transit Signals in Seismic Geoelectric Field Observation[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2025,45(05):1291-1300. DOI: 10.13409/j.cnki.jdpme.20250527005.
地电场是地震预测研究的重要内容之一,其数据质量直接影响震前异常识别的准确性。随着全国轨道交通网络的扩张,地铁运行产生的杂散电流成为影响地电场观测的主要干扰源之一。针对地铁干扰抑制问题,系统对比滑动平均滤波、经验模态分解(EMD)滤波及小波滤波三种方法的去噪效果。通过构建贴近真实场景的模拟信号,采用信噪比(SNR)、均方根误差(RMSE)等指标评估滤波性能。仿真实验显示:滑动平均滤波在窗长390 s时效果最优,SNR提升15.50 dB,RMSE降低83.22%;EMD滤波去除前2个本征模态函数(IMF)更合理,可平衡去噪效果与有效信号保留,SNR提升10.99 dB,RMSE降低71.8%;小波滤波选用db4小波基时8层分解后滤波表现最佳,SNR提升16.86 dB,RMSE降低85.7%。对上海青浦台受地铁影响的秒采样地电场数据滤波处理,结果显示,三种方法均使信号标准差降低65%以上,其中小波滤波在保留突变信号细节上优势显著。研究表明,秒采样数据结合优化参数的滤波方法可有效抑制轨道交通干扰,为提升地电场观测数据质量提供技术支持。
The geoelectric field is one of the important aspects of earthquake prediction research
and its data quality directly affects the accuracy of pre-seismic anomaly detection. With the expansion of the national rail transit networks
stray currents generated by metro operations have become one of the main sources of interference affecting geoelectric field observations. To address the issue of metro interference suppression
this study systematically compared the denoising effects of three filtering methods: moving average filtering
empirical mode decomposition (EMD) filtering
and wavelet filtering. By constructing simulated signals that closely resembled real-world scenarios
the filtering performance was evaluated using indicators such as signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and root mean square error (RMSE). Simulation experiments showed that the moving average filtering achieved the best performance with a window length of 390 s
improving SNR by 15.50 dB and reducing RMSE by 83.22%. For EMD filtering
removing the first two intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) was more reasonable to balance denoising performance and valid signal preservation
improving SNR by 10.99 dB and reducing RMSE by 71.8%. Wavelet filtering demonstrated the best filtering performance after an 8-level decomposition using the db4 wavelet basis
improving SNR by 16.86 dB and reducing RMSE by 85.7%. Filtering processing was applied to the second-sampled geoelectric field data from the Shanghai Qingpu station affected by metro interference. The results showed that all three methods reduced the signal standard deviation by over 65%. Among them
wavelet filtering showed significant advantages in preserving the details of abrupt signal changes. The study indicates that filtering methods with optimized parameters using second-sampled data can effectively suppress rail transit interference
providing technical support for improving the quality of geoelectric field observation data.
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