Study on Seismic Response Mechanism of Cross‑fault Tunnels Driven by Fault Site Nonlinearity

LI Ruohan; YUAN Yong; ZHAO Xu

doi:10.13409/j.cnki.jdpme.20250430053

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Study on Seismic Response Mechanism of Cross‑fault Tunnels Driven by Fault Site Nonlinearity

更新时间：2026-01-07

- Study on Seismic Response Mechanism of Cross‑fault Tunnels Driven by Fault Site Nonlinearity
- Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering Vol. 45, Issue 6, Pages: 1434-1443(2025)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.重庆交通大学未来土木科技研究院，重庆 400074
  2.同济大学地下建筑与工程系，上海 200092
  3.北京工业大学城市与工程安全减灾教育部重点实验室，北京 100124
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.13409/j.cnki.jdpme.20250430053
  CLC： U452.28
- Received：30 April 2025，
  
  Revised：2025-07-04，
  
  Published：28 December 2025
- 稿件说明：
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黎若寒,袁勇,赵旭.断层场地非线性驱动的跨断层隧道地震响应机制研究[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2025,45(06):1434-1443.

LI Ruohan,YUAN Yong,ZHAO Xu.Study on Seismic Response Mechanism of Cross‑fault Tunnels Driven by Fault Site Nonlinearity[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2025,45(06):1434-1443.
黎若寒,袁勇,赵旭.断层场地非线性驱动的跨断层隧道地震响应机制研究[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2025,45(06):1434-1443. DOI： 10.13409/j.cnki.jdpme.20250430053.

LI Ruohan,YUAN Yong,ZHAO Xu.Study on Seismic Response Mechanism of Cross‑fault Tunnels Driven by Fault Site Nonlinearity[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2025,45(06):1434-1443. DOI： 10.13409/j.cnki.jdpme.20250430053.

摘要

为揭示断层场地非线性特征对跨断层隧道地震响应机制的影响，通过振动台模型试验系统分析断层场地非线性特征驱动下隧道结构的动力响应规律。结果表明：断层场地呈现显著三维空间响应特性，其地震波反射折射效应导致高频成分放大并产生额外振动分量，且随地震强度增大表现出剪切模量退化与阻尼增强的非线性行为；跨断层隧道加速度响应呈现空间非均质分布特征，断层交界面区域响应最为剧烈，其频谱特性受场地效应与地震动输入共同控制；隧道结构以剪切变形为主导破坏模式，断层区域变形量级显著高于围岩区段，节段间差异变形随地震强度增大呈非线性增长；衬砌损伤演化具有显著空间关联性，裂缝沿断层界面呈斜向分布，结构动力特性参数变化有效表征了刚度退化过程。研究成果揭示了断层场地非线性驱动下隧道震害机理，为跨断层隧道抗震设计提供了理论依据。

Abstract

To reveal the influence of nonlinear characteristics of fault sites on the seismic response mechanism of cross-fault tunnels

the dynamic response of tunnel structures under the driving effect of site nonlinearity was systematically analyzed using shaking table model tests. The results indicated that the fault site exhibited a pronounced three-dimensional spatial response

where the reflection and refraction of seismic waves amplified high-frequency components and induced additional vibration components. Moreover

as seismic intensity increased

the site demonstrated nonlinear behavior

including shear modulus degradation and enhanced damping. The acceleration responses of the cross-fault tunnels were characterized by spatially heterogeneous distribution

with the most pronounced response concentrated at the fault interface zone

whose spectral characteristics were jointly controlled by site effects and seismic input. Tunnel damage was dominated by shear deformation

with deformation magnitudes in the fault zone significantly exceeding those of the surrounding rock

and the inter-segment differential deformation increasing nonlinearly with seismic intensity. Lining damage evolution exhibited strong spatial correlation

with cracks tending to propagate obliquely along the fault interface. Variations in structural dynamic properties effectively reflected the stiffness degradation process. These findings reveal the seismic damage mechanism of tunnels under nonlinear fault site effects

thereby providing a theoretical basis for the seismic design of cross-fault tunnels.

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