Experimental Study on Moraine Soil Landslide Model under Rainfall Conditions

JIN Jianli; CAO Zhixiang; ZONG Yongchen; CHEN Liang; WANG Kangyu

doi:10.13409/j.cnki.jdpme.20231218002

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Experimental Study on Moraine Soil Landslide Model under Rainfall Conditions

更新时间：2025-07-07

- Experimental Study on Moraine Soil Landslide Model under Rainfall Conditions
- Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering Vol. 45, Issue 3, Pages: 672-679(2025)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.西藏农牧学院水利土木工程学院，西藏林芝 860000
  2.西藏土木水利电力工程技术研究中心，西藏林芝 860000
  3.河海大学岩土力学与堤坝工程教育部重点实验室，江苏南京210098
  4.浙江工业大学土木工程学院，浙江杭州310014
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.13409/j.cnki.jdpme.20231218002
  CLC： TU443
- Received：18 December 2023，
  
  Revised：2024-05-21，
  
  Published：28 June 2025
- 稿件说明：
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金建立,曹志翔,宗永臣等.降雨条件下冰碛土滑坡模型试验研究[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2025,45(03):672-679.

JIN Jianli,CAO Zhixiang,ZONG Yongchen,et al.Experimental Study on Moraine Soil Landslide Model under Rainfall Conditions[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2025,45(03):672-679.
金建立,曹志翔,宗永臣等.降雨条件下冰碛土滑坡模型试验研究[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2025,45(03):672-679. DOI： 10.13409/j.cnki.jdpme.20231218002.

JIN Jianli,CAO Zhixiang,ZONG Yongchen,et al.Experimental Study on Moraine Soil Landslide Model under Rainfall Conditions[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2025,45(03):672-679. DOI： 10.13409/j.cnki.jdpme.20231218002.

摘要

实践指出降雨是引发边坡破坏的重要外部因素之一。为研究降雨作用下冰碛土滑坡规律和导致滑坡的内在因素，本次研究制作了3种坡度的冰碛土边坡模型，进行了3种降雨强度下的共9组降雨作用下的冰碛土滑坡试验，通过试验观测边坡土含水率、土压力变化及边坡变形数据，从而揭示降雨条件下冰碛土边坡破坏的机制。通过对冰碛土边坡降雨试验过程的观测发现，边坡模型坡脚位置的含水率最先稳定，各观测点的土压力没有观测到明显变化规律。实验过程中降雨入渗导致的滑坡变形大致可以划分为4个阶段，首先为局部性土颗粒滑落，其次为边坡表面形成冲蚀沟，然后小范围的冲沟逐渐扩展为中部和上部连片滑动，最后冰碛土边坡浅层形成贯通性滑动体，滑动的泥水混合物流动一段距离后在坡脚处形成堆积体。3种暴雨工况下各坡度边坡主要特征表现为边坡表层土体产生小范围坡面径流，径流逐渐增强形成冲蚀沟，其后发生滑坡破坏。3种大雨工况下坡度超过45°的边坡发生了滑坡破坏。3种中雨工况下仅60°边坡产生了滑坡破坏。结果表明降雨强度和边坡坡度是影响冰碛土滑坡发生的主要因素。

Abstract

Practical experience shows that rainfall is one of the key external factors triggering slope failure. To investigate the mechanisms of moraine soil landslides under rainfall and the internal factors causing landslides

this study established moraine soil slope models with three slope gradients and conducted nine sets of landslide tests under three rainfall intensities. Through experimental observation of soil moisture content of slopes

soil pressure variations

and slope deformation data

this study revealed the failure mechanisms of moraine soil slopes under rainfall conditions. Observations during rainfall tests on moraine soil slopes showed that the moisture content at the slope toe stabilized first

and no obvious variation patterns were observed in earth pressure at monitoring points. The landslide deformation caused by rainfall infiltration during the experiment could be divided into four stages: local soil particle slippage

formation of erosion gullies on the slope surface

gradual expansion of small-scale gullies into interconnected sliding areas in the middle and upper sections

and formation of a continuous shallow sliding mass in the moraine soil slope. The flowing mud-water mixture traveled a certain distance before depositing at the slope toe. Under three rainstorm scenarios

slopes of different gradients exhibited small-scale surface runoff that gradually intensified into erosion gullies

ultimately triggering landslides. Under heavy rainfall scenarios

slopes with gradients greater than 45° experienced landslides. Under three moderate rainfall scenarios

only the 60° slope suffered from landslides. The results show that rainfall intensity and slope gradient are the main factors influencing the occurrence of landslides in moraine soils.

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