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1.河海大学土木与交通学院,江苏 南京 210098
2.南京水利科学研究院岩土工程研究所, 江苏 南京 210024
3.水利部水库大坝安全重点实验室, 江苏 南京 210029
Received:26 July 2021,
Revised:2021-10-08,
Published:28 June 2022
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刘嘉欣,钟启明,陈亮等.堰塞坝溃决机理与溃决过程模拟技术研究综述[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2022,42(03):638-652.
LIU Jiaxin,ZHONG Qiming,CHEN Liang,et al.Review on the Simulation Technologies of Breach Mechanism and Breaching Process of Landslide Dam[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2022,42(03):638-652.
刘嘉欣,钟启明,陈亮等.堰塞坝溃决机理与溃决过程模拟技术研究综述[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2022,42(03):638-652. DOI: 10.13409/j.cnki.jdpme.20210726001.
LIU Jiaxin,ZHONG Qiming,CHEN Liang,et al.Review on the Simulation Technologies of Breach Mechanism and Breaching Process of Landslide Dam[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2022,42(03):638-652. DOI: 10.13409/j.cnki.jdpme.20210726001.
堰塞坝是自然作用的产物,在世界范围内广泛分布,具有坝体形态不规则、结构和材料组成复杂且高度非均匀等特点,在上游来流冲刷、渗流潜蚀等外荷载作用下极易发生溃决,对下游人民生命财产安全造成极大的威胁。为了对堰塞坝开展风险评估和应急处置,学者们围绕堰塞坝溃决机理与溃决过程模拟技术开展了大量的研究工作。通过梳理国内外的研究进展,基于物理模型试验总结了堰塞坝溃决过程的不同阶段,分析了坝体形态、颗粒组成、上游来流量、涌浪等因素对溃决过程的影响;从参数模型、基于溃决机理的简化和精细化数学模型等3个方面综述了堰塞坝溃决过程数值模拟技术的研究进展,并介绍了国际上常用的溃坝模拟商业软件;探讨了目前在试验设计、数据收集和软件开发方面存在的问题,建议了未来研究的方向和重点。总体来说,对于堰塞坝溃决机理与溃决过程的模拟还处于起步阶段,目前的物理模型试验和数值分析技术均存在较多简化或假设,未来应充分考虑堰塞坝材料的宽级配和随机特性,以及坝体结构的分层特征。
Landslide dams are the product of natural action, which are widely distributed around the world. Due to the irregular shape, complex structure, and high non-uniform material composition, landslide dams are highly prone to fail under the action of erosion by upstream inflow and seepage flow, and other external loads, which pose great threats to the safety of people's life and property in the downstream area. In order to conduct risk assessments and emergency treatments of landslide dams, scholars have carried out numerous research works on the simulation technologies of breach mechanisms and breaching processes of landslide dams. By combing the research progress around the world and based on the physical model tests, the different stages of the landslide dam breach process are summarized. Furthermore, the effects of dam shape, material composition, upstream inflow, surge, and other factors on the dam breach process are analyzed. Simultaneously, the research progresses of numerical simulation technologies of landslide dam breach processes are reviewed, which include three aspects, such as parametric models, physically-based simplified and detailed models; in addition, this paper briefly introduces the commercial software for dam breach simulation. The existing problems in the design, data collection, and software development of the model test are discussed. The directions and emphases for future research are also suggested. In general, the simulation of the breach mechanism and process of the landslide dam is still in the initial stage. There are many simplifications or assumptions in the current physical model tests and numerical analysis techniques; in the future, the wide gradation and random characteristics of dam material, as well as the layered characteristics of landslide dam structure should be fully considered.
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