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1.北京建筑大学土木与交通工程学院,北京 100044
2.北京未来城市设计高精尖创新中心,北京 100044
3.东南大学土木工程学院,江苏 南京 210096
Received:18 January 2021,
Revised:2021-09-19,
Published:15 August 2021
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王亚安,李爱群,何凯璇等.我国医院建筑防灾减灾现状及对策分析[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2021,41(04):792-803.
WANG Yaan,LI Aiqun,HE Kaixuan,et al.Research on the Current Situation and Countermeasures of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Medical Buildings in China[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2021,41(04):792-803.
王亚安,李爱群,何凯璇等.我国医院建筑防灾减灾现状及对策分析[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2021,41(04):792-803. DOI: 10.13409/j.cnki.jdpme.202101018.
WANG Yaan,LI Aiqun,HE Kaixuan,et al.Research on the Current Situation and Countermeasures of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Medical Buildings in China[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2021,41(04):792-803. DOI: 10.13409/j.cnki.jdpme.202101018.
医院建筑是灾时与灾后医院提供医疗救治和应急救援服务的重要载体,其防灾减灾能力决定着医院功能的发挥。我国医院建筑体量大,主要受地震、火灾、洪涝、台风和重大传染性疾病等灾害的影响, 灾害暴露性高。同时,既有医院建筑存在人员过度密集、老院区老旧建筑多、灾害隐患多、疏散与应急场地不足、防灾与应灾能力差等现实问题。一旦发生重大灾害,极易丧失医疗救治功能,给社会带来巨大的直接和间接损失。通过对我国医院建筑防灾减灾现状进行梳理归纳,总结了既有医院建筑在承灾体本身、防震减灾、防火、防洪、防风及应对疫情等方面的现状与存在的问题,并从防灾设计与改造等多方面对如何提升医院建筑防灾减灾能力给出了对策与建议。
Medical buildings play an essential role in supporting hospitals to provide medical service and emergency rescue during and after disasters. The capacity of disaster prevention and mitigation of medical buildings is vital to hospitals and the whole society. The amount of existing medical buildings in China is very large, which are affected by earthquake, fire, flood, typhoon and severe epidemic, showing high exposure to disasters. Meanwhile, the existing medical buildings present many problems, such as, overcrowded people, old buildings occupy the old district with poor disaster resistance capacity, lots of potential danger spots which may develop into disasters, insufficient space for evacuation and emergency, poor capacity in disaster prevention and response. The functional failure of medical buildings will bring enormous direct and indirect losses to the society. Thus, we conducted the analysis of current situation and countermeasures of disaster prevention and mitigation of medical buildings in China and concluded the existing problems of medical buildings in the aspects of the exposure unit, seismic prevention and response, fire prevention, flood prevention, heavy wind prevention and response to severe epidemic. The disadvantages were summarized and the corresponding countermeasures on improving the capacity of disaster prevention and mitigation were proposed in terms of design and retrofit in disaster prevention and other aspects.
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