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1.南京工业大学交通运输工程学院,江苏 南京 210009
2.上海交通大学船舶海洋与建筑工程学院,上海 200240
Published:28 February 2022
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陈大伟,吴志坚,梁超等.通渭黄土滑坡变形特征及致灾机理分析[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2022,42(01):24-33.
CHEN Dawei,WU Zhijian,LIANG Chao,et al.Deformation Characteristics and Disaster‑causing Mechanism Analysis of Tongwei Loess Landslide[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2022,42(01):24-33.
陈大伟,吴志坚,梁超等.通渭黄土滑坡变形特征及致灾机理分析[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2022,42(01):24-33. DOI: 10.13409/j.cnki.jdpme.20201024001.
CHEN Dawei,WU Zhijian,LIANG Chao,et al.Deformation Characteristics and Disaster‑causing Mechanism Analysis of Tongwei Loess Landslide[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2022,42(01):24-33. DOI: 10.13409/j.cnki.jdpme.20201024001.
2019年9月14日,甘肃省定西市通渭县发生大型黄土滑坡。通过对该黄土滑坡的现场调查和无人机航测,查明了孕育滑坡的地形地貌、水文地质等条件,对滑坡体的形态特征、结构特征和运动模式进行深入研究,揭示了常家河滑坡的致灾机理。运用高密度电法对滑坡体进行探测,探明滑坡区域的地层结构、滑体厚度、地下水分布及空间展布情况。结合有限元法和严格的极限平衡法计算坡体的稳定性,得到降雨条件下滑坡坡体的最大剪应变区域分布及斜坡稳定性随着降雨持时的变化规律。研究结果表明:(1)通渭滑坡整体形态呈圈椅状,分为3个典型破坏区域,形成大量垂直陡坎,黄土滑动厚度约为8~50 m;(2)通渭滑坡属“牵引‑推移”式顺层滑坡,运动方式为“坡脚失稳牵引‑中部受阻滑移‑后部失稳推移”;(3)地下水多为裂隙岩溶水,地层结构不明显,早期地震等地质构造活动对地层形状影响较大;(4)黄土斜坡稳定性受降雨持时影响持续降低,斜坡最大剪应变区域多分布于斜坡中上部,且从泥岩接触面向坡面发展;(5)降雨是触发通渭滑坡的最直接因素,冲沟发育、河流侵蚀与农业生产活动是重要的孕灾条件。
On September 14, 2019, a large loess landslide occurred in Tongwei County, Dingxi City, Gansu Province. Through on-site investigation of the loess landslide and drone aerial survey, the topography, geomorphology, hydrogeology and other conditions that gave birth to the landslide were ascertained, and the morphological characteristics, structural characteristics and movement patterns of the landslide body were studied in-depth, revealing the Tongwei landslide Disaster mechanism. The high-density electrical method is used to detect the stratum structure, thickness of the sliding body, groundwater distribution and spatial distribution of the landslide area. Combining the finite element method and Morgenstem-Price method to calculate the stability of the slope, the distribution of the maximum shear strain and the variation of slope stability with rainfall duration are obtained. The results show that: (1) the shape of the Tongwei landslide is a chair-like shape, which is divided into three typical failure areas, forming a large number of vertical ridges, and the thickness of the loess sliding is approximately 8~50 m;(2)the Tongwei landslide belongs to the "traction-push" type of bedding landslide, and the movement mode is "pull toe instability traction-hindered sliding in the middle part-instability shift in the rear part"; (3) the groundwater is mostly fissure karst water, and the geological structure is not obvious. The geological structure activities such as early earthquakes have a great influence on the stratum; (4) the stability of loess slope decreases continuously with rainfall duration, and the maximum shear strain region is mainly distributed in the middle and upper part of the slope, and develops from mudstone contact to slope surface;(5)rainfall is the most direct factor triggering the Tongwei landslide, and the development of gullies, river erosion and agricultural production activities are important disaster-generating conditions
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