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同济大学土木工程学院,上海 200092
Received:23 July 2022,
Revised:2022-08-24,
Published:28 June 2023
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张洁,庄一豪,陆盟.降雨诱发公路滑坡社会风险评估[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2023,43(03):413-422.
ZHANG Jie,ZHUANG Yihao,LU Meng.Assessing Societal Risk of Rainfall‑induced Landslides along Highways[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2023,43(03):413-422.
降雨诱发公路滑坡灾害威胁着行车人员的生命安全,评估公路滑坡社会风险具有重要意义。然而,目前的公路滑坡社会风险评估方法无法考虑不同伤亡人数的年发生概率。针对上述不足,提出公路滑坡两类影响方式下不同伤亡人数的年发生概率计算方法,两类影响方式分别为运动滑体冲击行进中车辆和运动车辆碰撞已滑落滑体。提出的方法被用于评估香港地区青山公路某滑坡社会风险。首先基于中国香港历史滑坡数据统计获得降雨诱发该滑坡的年发生概率,之后采用经验公式预测该滑坡可能的滑动距离,最后基于全概率理论对两类影响方式下不同伤亡人数的年发生概率分别进行计算,并基于
F
‑
N
图对社会风险进行评价。评价结果表明不同类型车辆人员的伤亡风险互不相同,运动滑体冲击行进中车辆造成的人员伤亡风险低于运动车辆碰撞已滑落滑体造成的人员伤亡风险。
Rainfall-induced landslides pose a significant threat to highway users, making it essential to assess societal risk associated with landslides along highways. However, current methods for assessing societal risk of highway landslides cannot address the annual occurrence probability of different numbers of fatalities. In view of the above limitation, this study presents a method to calculate the annual occurrence probability of different numbers of fatalities resulting from two types of highway landslide impacts. These two types of impacts are, respectively, moving vehicles hit by landslides and moving vehicles hitting sliding masses. The proposed method was used to assess the societal risk associated with a landslide along Castle Peak Road in Hong Kong. First, the annual failure probability of the slope under rainfall was obtained based on historical landslide data. Then, the potential runout distances of the landslide are predicted using an empirical model. Finally, the total probability theorem was used to compute the annual occurrence probabilities of different numbers of fatalities resulting from the two types of landslide impacts, respectively, which are also evaluated using the
F‑N
diagram. The results show that the societal risks for different types of vehicles are not the same, and the societal risk is lower when moving vehicles are hit by the landslide than when moving vehicles hit the sliding mass. The conclusions can provide references for the prevention and management of highway landslides in China.
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