on the basis of many studies reported in the literature
the effects on bridge pilesare reviewed of the liquefaction induced lateral spread and large ground displacements. This study involvesinvestigation of earthquake damage
the mechanism for the lateral spread and large ground displacementinduced by earthquake and the associated evaluation method
investigation of bridge pile’s damage inducedby earthquake and summary of effects on bridge piles of the lateral spread and large ground displacement.Some measures of ground improvements are suggested against lateral spread and large ground displace-ment.
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Pile Response to Lateral Spreads: Centrifuge Modeling [J] . Tarek Abdoun,Ricardo Dobry,Thomas D. O&rsquo,Rourke,S. H. Goh. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engi . 2003 (10)
Piles in liquefiable soils: seismic analysis and design issues [J] . W.D.L Finn,N Fujita. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering . 2002 (9)