1.中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所,四川 成都 610041
2.中国科学院山地灾害与地表过程重点实验室,四川 成都 610041
3.四川建筑职业技术学院,四川 成都 610399
4.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
李炳志(1994—),男,硕士研究生。主要从事泥石流动力学方面研究。通信作者:E-mail:lbzucas@163.com
潘华利(1982—),女,研究员,博士。主要从事泥石流动力学方面研究。E-mail:hlpan@imde.ac.cn
收稿:2021-02-06,
修回:2021-06-16,
纸质出版:2022-08-28
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李炳志,潘华利,邓其娟等.动床条件下泥石流运动参数变化特征实验研究[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2022,42(04):850-858.
LI Bingzhi,PAN Huali,DENG Qijuan,et al.Experimental Study on Variation Characteristics of Debris Flow Movement Parameters under Movable Bed Conditions[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2022,42(04):850-858.
李炳志,潘华利,邓其娟等.动床条件下泥石流运动参数变化特征实验研究[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2022,42(04):850-858. DOI: 10.13409/j.cnki.jdpme.20210206001.
LI Bingzhi,PAN Huali,DENG Qijuan,et al.Experimental Study on Variation Characteristics of Debris Flow Movement Parameters under Movable Bed Conditions[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2022,42(04):850-858. DOI: 10.13409/j.cnki.jdpme.20210206001.
泥石流运动参数变化特征与泥石流流量、沟床纵坡和沟床物源物质组成等紧密相关,准确确定泥石流运动参数变化特征对于进行流域风险评估和防治工程规划设计具有重要意义。通过室内水槽实验探索了不同来流流量、沟床纵坡和物源细粒含量条件下,沟槽观测点处泥石流流深、流速和容重的变化情况。结果表明:来流流量和沟床纵坡越大,物源细粒含量越小时,泥石流冲刷能力越强;相同实验条件下,流体流深与来流流量间呈正相关关系,与细粒含量间呈负相关关系,且流深受来流流量的影响大于细粒含量;流体流速与来流流量和沟床纵坡间呈正相关关系,与细粒含量间呈负相关关系,且流速受沟床纵坡的影响最大,受细粒含量的影响最小;流体容重与来流流量和细粒含量间呈负相关关系,与沟床纵坡间呈正相关关系,且容重受沟床纵坡和细粒含量的影响大于来流流量。通过水槽实验数据对泥石流流量进行拟合,采用流量拟合式对锅圈岩沟2013年“7·26”泥石流峰值流量进行计算,与野外实测值对比精度高于80%。
The change characteristics of debris flow movement parameters are closely related to the discharge of debris flow, the longitudinal slope and the source composition of the gully bed. Accurate determination of the change characteristics of debris flow movement parameters is of great significance for assessing watershed risks and designing prevention engineering. Through the indoor flume experiments, the changes in flow depth, velocity and bulk density of debris flow at the observation point of the trench under the conditions of different flow rates, longitudinal slopes of the gully bed, and fine particle contents of the source composition were explored. The research results show that when the inflow rate and the longitudinal slope of the gully bed are greater, and the fine particle contents of the source composition are smaller, the scouring ability of debris flow is stronger; under the same experimental conditions, the fluid flow depth is positively correlated with the inflow rate. There is a negative correlation between the fluid flow depth and the fine particle contents. The flow depth is more deeply affected by the influx than the fine particle content; the fluid velocity is positively correlated with the influx and the longitudinal slope of the gully bed and is negatively correlated with the fine particle contents. The longitudinal slope of the bed has the greatest influence on the flow, and the flow is the least affected by fine particle contents; the fluid bulk density is negatively correlated with the influx and the fine particle contents, and positively correlated with the longitudinal slope of the gully bed. The impact of particle content on the bulk density of the debris flow is greater than that of the influx. The data of the flow rate of the debris flow was fitted through the experiment of the sink, and the peak flow of the Guoquanyangou “7.26” debris flow in 2013 was calculated using the flow fitting formula. Compared with the measured results, the fitting degree of the calculation data was found to be higher than 80%.
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