1.兰州交通大学土木工程学院,甘肃 兰州 730070
2.中铁隧道局集团有限公司,广东 广州 511458
陈志敏(1979—),男,教授,博士。主要从事岩土与隧道工程方面的研究。E-mail:czm@mail.lzjtu.cn
赵吉万(1997—),男,硕士研究生。主要从事岩土与隧道工程方面的研究。E-mail:2427590872@qq.com
收稿:2022-06-20,
修回:2022-12-10,
纸质出版:2024-02-15
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陈志敏,赵吉万,龚军等.极高地应力软岩隧道非对称变形机理及支护优化研究[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2024,44(01):109-119.
CHEN Zhimin,ZHAO Jiwan,GONG Jun,et al.Research on Asymmetric Deformation Mechanism and Support Optimization of Extreme High In‑situ Stress Soft Rock Tunnel[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2024,44(01):109-119.
陈志敏,赵吉万,龚军等.极高地应力软岩隧道非对称变形机理及支护优化研究[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2024,44(01):109-119. DOI: 10.13409/j.cnki.jdpme.20220620003.
CHEN Zhimin,ZHAO Jiwan,GONG Jun,et al.Research on Asymmetric Deformation Mechanism and Support Optimization of Extreme High In‑situ Stress Soft Rock Tunnel[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2024,44(01):109-119. DOI: 10.13409/j.cnki.jdpme.20220620003.
针对极大断面公路隧道施工中出现的非对称大变形问题,考虑高地应力第一主应力与隧道轴线关系、层状软岩夹层与互层状态、掌子面软岩空间不对称、地下水等因素,基于对工程地质条件、围岩与支护结构失效及破坏特征的分析,结合岩样物理力学特性室内试验研究及地应力实测情况,探究了非对称大变形形成机理并提出针对性的支护结果优化方案。结果表明:高地应力层状软岩隧道围岩不对称变形是在岩层倾角
α
、最大水平主应力与隧道轴线夹角
β
和岩层夹角
γ
、围岩岩性和地下水综合作用下的大变形,围岩不对称部位由以上几种因素共同决定;当主应力
σ
1
与隧道轴线既不垂直也不平行时,会产生挤压性偏压构造水平地应力,使隧道横断面侧向受力不对称,发生偏压性非对称大变形;通过改变锚杆的布设方式、提高超前注浆小导管的长度和刚度、喷射临时封闭、在防水板与喷射砼间增加高密度橡塑海绵板缓冲层等措施,可以有效的减少变形量,防止围岩因开挖扰动而松动和坍塌。
Aiming at the problem of asymmetric large deformation in the construction of very large section highway tunnels, considering the relationship between the first principal stress of high in-situ stress and tunnel axis, laminated soft rock interlayer and interlayer state, spatial asymmetry of soft rock at working face, groundwater and other factors, and combined with the physical and mechanical properties of rock samples and ground stress measurements, the mechanism of asymmetric large deformation formation is investigated and the targeted optimization support scheme is proposed based on the analysis of engineering geological conditions, and failure and damage characteristics of surrounding rock and support structure. The results show that the asymmetric large deformation of the surrounding rock in high in-situ stress laminated soft rock tunnel is due to the combined effect of the dip angle α of rock stratum, the angle
β
between maximum horizontal principal stress and tunnel axis, the angle
γ
between maximum horizontal principal stress and rock stratum, surrounding rock lithology and groundwater. The location of the asymmetric deformation in the surrounding rock is determined by the combination of the above factors. When the principal stress σ
1
is neither perpendicular nor parallel to the tunnel axis, compressive bias tectonic horizontal ground stress will form, leading to lateral asymmetric stresses in the tunnel cross-section and resulting in asymmetric deformation. In order to reduce the deformation effectively and prevent the surrounding rock from loosening and collapsing due to excavation disturbance, the measures of altering the layout of anchors, improving the length and stiffness of the advanced grouting small conduits, spraying temporary sealing, and installing a damping layer of high-density rubber sponge board between the flashing and sprayed concrete are helpful.
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