1.中交第二航务工程局有限公司,湖北 武汉 430040
2.长大桥梁建设施工技术交通行业重点实验室, 湖北 武汉 430040
3.交通运输行业交通基础设施智能制造技术研发中心,湖北 武汉 430040
袁青(1990—),男,高级工程师,博士。主要从事地质工程和岩土工程方面研究。E-mail:491073238@qq.com
收稿:2021-10-04,
修回:2021-12-14,
纸质出版:2022-08-28
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袁青,陈世豪,肖靖等.浅埋富水软岩隧道大变形机理与控制研究[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2022,42(04):723-731.
YUAN Qing,CHEN Shihao,XIAO Jing,et al.Research on Large Deformation Mechanism and Countermeasures of Shallow Buried Tunnel in Soft Rock with Abundant Water[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2022,42(04):723-731.
袁青,陈世豪,肖靖等.浅埋富水软岩隧道大变形机理与控制研究[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2022,42(04):723-731. DOI: 10.13409/j.cnki.jdpme.20211004039.
YUAN Qing,CHEN Shihao,XIAO Jing,et al.Research on Large Deformation Mechanism and Countermeasures of Shallow Buried Tunnel in Soft Rock with Abundant Water[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2022,42(04):723-731. DOI: 10.13409/j.cnki.jdpme.20211004039.
针对洞口段富水浅埋软弱围岩隧道易发生挤压性大变形的特点,依托某隧道,通过监控量测、室内试验、数值模拟等手段分析隧道的变形特征、影响因素及其致灾机制与力学破坏模式。结果表明,隧洞开挖后变形具有流变特性,且持续时间长、变形量大;此外,上、中台阶开挖造成的拱顶沉降、围岩收敛分别占总变形的61.16%、63.34%,是大变形产生的主要阶段;洞内大变形是在多种影响因素的耦合作用下产生的,地下水是造成该软岩隧道大变形的主要控制因素,地下水的软化、渗流是大变形的主要变形机理,破坏力学模式主要有软岩塑流和累进性松脱扩展两种,软岩塑流造成侧墙鼓出、顶压以及钢拱架扭曲等现象,累进性松脱扩展造成垮塌、地表裂缝等现象。数值模拟验证了大变形力学机理的正确性并反演了大变形发展趋势。最终针对该隧道大变形产生的主要原因,提出并实践形成了“内外结合”的主动控制技术:洞外掌子面动态跟进超前降水,洞内“中管棚+小导管”超前支护、上台阶“核心土+扩大拱脚”、中台阶“临时仰拱+大锁脚”、下台阶“短进短衬,快速支护”,成功穿越300 m浅埋富水极软岩段,研究成果可为类似工程提供借鉴。
Aiming at the large deformations due to the squeezing of water-rich soft rock mass around shallowburied tunnels, this article analyzes the deformation characteristics, influencing factors, disaster-causing mechanisms and mechanical failure mode of a typical tunnel through monitoring measurement, indoor testing, and numerical simulation. The results show that the deformation of the surrounding rock mass after tunnel excavation has rheological characteristics. The deformation is large with a long-lasting time. In addition, the crown settlement and the lateral convergence of the surrounding rock caused by the excavation of the upper and middle steps account for 61.16% and 63.34% of the total deformation, respectively, indicating that the excavation of the two steps is the main stage of large deformation; The large deformation around the tunnel is caused by coupling action of a variety of influencing factors, in which groundwater is the main controlling factor. The seepage of groundwater and softening of the surrounding rock are the main reasons for large deformation. The failure mechanics model mainly includes plastic flow and progressive loosening expansion of soft rock. The plastic flow of soft rock causes side wall bulging, top pressure, and steel arch distortion. Progressive loosening expansion causes collapse, surface cracks, etc. Numerical simulation verifies the correctness of the large deformation mechanics mechanism and inverts the development trend of large deformation. Finally, in view of the main reason for the large deformation of the tunnel, the active control technology of "internal and external integration" was proposed and practiced: the follow-up and advanced drainage at the tunnel working face, the advanced support technique of "medium tube shed and little tremie grouting ", the "core soil and enlarged arch foot" for the upper step, the "temporary invert and large foot-lock " for the middle step, and the "short drill depth and lining, fast support" for the low lower step. The tunnel successfully passed through the 300 m-long shallow buried water-rich and extremely soft rock section with the help of the presented techniques. The research results can provide references for similar projects.
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