1.重庆大学土木工程学院,重庆 400045
2.新疆水利水电规划设计管理局,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830000
胡少伟(1969—),男,教授,博导,博士。主要从事复杂环境下输调水工程的灾害预警与快速抢修研究。E‑mail:hushaowei@cqu.edu.cn
单常喜(1995—),男,博士研究生。主要从事边坡灾害预警与防治方面的研究。E‑mail: shanchangxi@outlook.com
收稿:2021-05-27,
修回:2021-07-25,
纸质出版:2023-08-28
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胡少伟,李原昊,单常喜等.基于改进的PSO‑BP神经网络的边坡稳定性研究[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2023,43(04):854-861.
HU Shaowei,LI Yuanhao,SHAN Changxi,et al.Research on Slope Stability Based on Improved PSO‑BP Neural Network[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2023,43(04):854-861.
胡少伟,李原昊,单常喜等.基于改进的PSO‑BP神经网络的边坡稳定性研究[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2023,43(04):854-861. DOI: 10.13409/j.cnki.jdpme.20210527002.
HU Shaowei,LI Yuanhao,SHAN Changxi,et al.Research on Slope Stability Based on Improved PSO‑BP Neural Network[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2023,43(04):854-861. DOI: 10.13409/j.cnki.jdpme.20210527002.
边坡稳定性研究对于重大地质灾害防治极其重要,但由于影响边坡稳定性的因素具有非线性、多样性以及模糊性等特征,边坡稳定性分析一直是地质灾害防治领域的热难点问题。已有研究表明神经网络预测模型可有效应用边坡稳定性分析,但同时存在预测精度低、鲁棒性差、收敛速度慢等缺点。为改善上述问题,在粒子群算法优化的BP神经网络(简称PSO‑BP神经网络)算法基础上提出一种改进的边坡稳定性预测模型。该模型以容重、内聚力、内摩擦角、边坡角、高度、孔隙压力比作为输入参数,以安全系数作为输出参数。通过借鉴遗传算法中的变异思想来提升模型全局寻优的能力,利用能量函数负梯度下降原理提高模型的收敛速度。将所收集到百余条边坡数据进行数据清洗,最终得到80条高质量边坡数据,随机选取其中的50条边坡数据作为模型的试验数据。最后采用十折交叉验证的方法对模型的准确性进行验证,并在多维度与其余边坡稳定性神经网络预测模型进行对比分析。结果表明:①该模型相比于其余模型收敛速度、准确率、鲁棒性均有明显提高;②将K折交叉验证应用在小样本数据下的边坡稳定性神经网络预测模型,可有效避免结果的偶然性。③该模型的预测误差仅为4.31%,满足工程精度需求,可在实际工程中为边坡稳定性分析与灾害防治提供参考。
Slope stability research is extremely important for the prevention and control of geologic hazards, but since factors affecting slope stability are rather diverse, indefinite, and nonlinear, slope stability analysis is always a hot but difficult problem. Studies have shown that neural network prediction models can be effectively applied in slope stability analysis. However, such models also have disadvantages of low accuracy in prediction, poor robustness, and slow convergence. Thus, an improved slope stability prediction model is proposed based on the PSO-BP model. In this model, input parameters include bulk density, cohesion, internal friction angle, slope angle, slope height and pore pressure ratio, and the output parameter is safety factor. The model borrows the idea of mutation in genetic algorithm to improve the global optimization, and applies the negative gradient descent principle of the energy function to improve the convergence speed. With the data cleaning process, eighty high-quality slope data are obtained from over a hundred pieces of raw data. Then fifty data are randomly selected as the test data. Finally, a ten-fold cross-validation method is used to verify the accuracy of the model. Comparisons in multiple dimensions are also made with other models. The results show that: (1) Compared with traditional models, the presented model has significant improvement in aspects of convergence speed, accuracy, and robustness; (2) With small sample data, applying K-fold cross-validation to the slope stability neural network prediction model can effectively avoid the contingency of the results; (3) The model has a small error of 4.31%, which meets the engineering accuracy requirements, so the model can provide reference for slope stability analysis and disaster prevention in real engineering projects.
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