1.中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所/中国科学院山地灾害与地表过程重点实验室, 四川 成都 610041
2.中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
孙 昊(1993-),男,博士研究生。主要从事泥石流减灾理论与试验研究。Email:snghyro93@163.com
游 勇(1964-),男,研究员,博导。主要从事泥石流运动机理及综合防治技术研究。Email:yyong@imde.ac.cn
收稿:2018-09-05,
修回:2018-10-17,
纸质出版:2020-12-15
移动端阅览
孙昊,游勇,柳金峰等.泥石流梁式格栅坝泥砂粒径调节试验研究[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2020,40(06):1037-1044.
SUN Hao,YOU Yong,LIU Jinfeng,et al.Experimental Study on Sediment Size Regulating of Beam Type Debris Flow Check Dam[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2020,40(06):1037-1044.
孙昊,游勇,柳金峰等.泥石流梁式格栅坝泥砂粒径调节试验研究[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2020,40(06):1037-1044. DOI: 10.13409/j.cnki.jdpme.2020.06.024.
SUN Hao,YOU Yong,LIU Jinfeng,et al.Experimental Study on Sediment Size Regulating of Beam Type Debris Flow Check Dam[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2020,40(06):1037-1044. DOI: 10.13409/j.cnki.jdpme.2020.06.024.
梁式格栅坝是泥石流防治工程中一种常见的透过型拦砂坝,具有拦粗排细的独特功效。通过室内水槽模型试验,探究了梁式格栅坝对泥石流泥砂粒径的调节特性。研究表明,梁式格栅坝在试验工况下均表现出一定的粒径调节作用,但在不同条件下差异明显,对于水石难分的高容重泥石流难以达到较好的粒径调节效果。分析认为,透过型拦砂坝的粒径调节可能是其容重调节的原因,坝体拦截了大部分粗颗粒物质,使泥石流体的结构变化,导致泥石流浆体能悬浮和输移的最大颗粒粒径变小。其次,提出了一种可用于透过型拦砂坝泥砂粒径调节效率的评价方法,并对比分析了该方法与现有常用评价方法的优势与合理性;基于模拟试验结果,通过多元非线性拟合,得到了新评价方法下考虑泥石流性质、过坝前运动状态和坝体尺寸的影响因素的泥砂粒径调节效率计算公式,可为梁式格栅坝设计中粒径调节效率的预测评估提供参考。此外,试验发现,梁式格栅坝泥砂粒径调节效果还受其拦截泥石流时的闭塞表现的影响。
Beam dam, which is an open-type check dam, has a good application in debris flow hazard mitigation. In this paper, a series of flume experiments were conducted to investigate the characteristics of the beam type debris flow check dam on sediment size regulating. The grain compositions before and after debris flow passing through the beam dam were obtained by the oven and vibrating screen. The experimental results reveal that the beam type debris check dam has high performance on size regulating. But it performs relatively low regulating efficiency for debris flow with high bulk density in which the water and blocks are difficult to be separated. Analysis result supports that the regulating capacity of the beam dam depends on the bulk density. Secondly, a new evaluation index considering grain size was proposed and compared with the common index in the previous studies. The analysis indicates that the regulating efficiency decreases first and then increases with the increase of relative opening, and reaches the minimum value at a relative opening of about 1.5. Furthermore, based on the experimental data, a calculated formula for sediment size regulation was obtained. It can provide a reference for practical engineering. Additionally, the regulating effect also was influenced by the blocking performance in the tests.
周必凡 , 李德基 , 罗德富 , 等 . 泥石流防治指南 [M]. 北京 : 科学出版社 , 1991 .
Zhou B F , Li D J , Luo D F , et al . Handbook of debris-flow prevention [M]. Beijing : Science Press , 1991 . (in Chinese)
李德基 . 泥石流减灾理论与实践 [M]. 北京 : 科学出版社 , 1997 .
Li D J . Theory and practice of debris flow disaster mitigation [M]. Beijing : Science Press , 1997 . (in Chinese)
钟敦伦 , 谢 洪 , 等 . 泥石流灾害及防治技术 [M]. 成都 : 四川科学技术出版社 , 2014 .
Zhong D L , Xie H , et al . Debris flow hazards and its controls [M]. Chengdu : Sichuan Science and Technology Press , 2014 . (in Chinese)
康志成 , 李焯芬 , 马蔼乃 , 等 . 中国泥石流研究 [M]. 北京 : 科学出版社 , 2004 .
Kang Zh Ch , Li Zh F , Ma A N , et al . Debris flow research in China [M]. Beijing : Science Press , 2004 . (in Chinese)
Jakob M , Hungr O . Debris-flow hazards and related phenomena [M]. Chichester : Praxis Publishing , 2005 .
Mizuyama T . Structural countermeasures for debris flow disasters [J]. International Journal of Erosion Control Engineering , 2008 , 1 ( 2 ): 38 ⁃ 43 .
费祥俊 , 舒安平 . 泥石流运动机理与灾害防治 [M]. 北京 : 清华大学出版社 , 2004 .
Fei X J , Shu A P . Debris flow kinematic mechanism and disaster prevention [M]. Beijing : Tsinghua University Press , 2004 . (in Chinese)
韩文兵 , 欧国强 . 单切口坝对稀性泥石流的拦砂性能——试验研究与比较分析 [J]. 自然灾害学报 , 2008 , 17 ( 4 ): 152 - 158 .
Han W B , Ou G Q . Sediment-intercepting effect of silt dam on non-viscous debris flow: experimental study and comparative analysis [J]. Journal of Natural Disasters , 2008 , 17 ( 4 ): 152 - 158 . (in Chinese)
贾世涛 , 崔 鹏 , 陈晓清 , 等 . 拦沙坝调节泥石流拦挡与输移性能的试验研究 [J]. 岩土力学与工程学报 , 2011 , 30 ( 11 ): 2 338 - 2 345 .
Jia Sh T , Cui P , Chen X Q , et al . Experiment study of regulating barrage and transportation properties of debris flow by silt-trap dam [J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering , 2011 , 30 ( 11 ): 2 338 - 2 345 . (in Chinese)
赵彦波 . 窗口坝拦挡泥石流性能实验研究 [D]. 北京 : 中国科学院大学 , 2013 .
Zhao Y B . Experimental study of intercepting sediment capability of window-frame dam in preventing debris flow [D]. Beijing : Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 2013 . (in Chinese)
Zou Y H , Chen X Q . Effectiveness and efficiency of slot-check dam system on debris flow control [J]. Journal Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences , 2015 , 3 ( 9 ): 5 777 - 5 804 .
Lien H . Design of slit dams for controlling stony debris flows [J]. International Journal of Sediment Research , 2003 , 18 ( 1 ): 74 - 87 .
杨子阜 . 坝体型式对土石流拦阻堆积特性之研究 [D]. 中国台湾 : 朝阳科技大学 , 2005 .
Yang Z F . Study on characteristics of debris-flow retaining and deposition for various dam types [D]. Taiwan , China: Chaoyang University of Technology , 2005 . (in Chinese)
林基源 , 陈冠宏 , 洪政宏 . 土石流浓度及细料对坝体拦阻特性影响之研究 [J]. 朝阳学报 , 2007 , 3 ( 12 ): 73 - 88 .
Lin J Y , Chen G H , Hong Zh H . Retaining characteristics of debris flows with various volumes of the sediment and fine-textured soil [J]. The Journal of Chaoyang University of Technology , 2007 , 3 ( 12 ): 73 - 88 .
黃育珍 , 李锦浚 , 李元智 . 混凝土梳子坝拦阻功效之研究 [J]. 水土保持科学 , 2007 , 39 ( 1 ): 111 - 126 .
Huang Y Zh , Li J J , Li Y Zh . A study of trapping efficiency of concrete-made slit sabo dam [J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation , 2007 , 39 ( 1 ): 111 - 126 .
Lin X , Huo M , Zhou J W , et al . An experimental study on controlling post-earthquake debris flows using slit dams [J]. Environmental Earth Sciences , 2017 , 76 ( 22 ): 780 .
Wendeler C , Volkwein A . Laboratory tests for the optimization of mesh size for flexible debris-flow barriers [J]. Natural Hazards & Earth System Sciences , 2015 , 15 ( 12 ): 2 099 - 2 118 .
Huo M , Zhou J W , Yang X G , et al . Effects of a flexible net barrier on the dynamic behaviors and interception of debris flows in mountainous areas [J]. Journal of Mountain Science , 2017 , 14 ( 10 ): 1 903 - 1 918 .
沈寿长 , 王 韦 . 铁路沿线泥石流灾害防治技术的进展与方向 [J]. 铁道工程学报 , 1996 ( 2 ): 176 - 181 .
Shen Sh Ch , Wang W . Development of disaster mitigation technique against debris flow along Chinese railway lines [J]. Journal of Railway Engineering Society , 1996 ( 2 ): 176 - 181 . (in Chinese)
崔 鹏 , 陈晓清 , 柳素清 , 等 . 风景区泥石流防治特点与技术 [J]. 地学前缘 , 2007 , 14 ( 6 ): 172 - 180 .
Cui P , Chen X Q , Liu S Q , et al . Techniques of debris flow prevention in national parks [J]. Earth Science Frontiers , 2007 , 14 ( 6 ): 172 - 180 . (in Chinese)
Liu S L , Yong Y , Zhang G Z , et al . Calculation of the ultimate depth of a scour pit after debris flow through drainage canal ribs [J]. Journal of Mountain Science , 2016 , 13 ( 2 ): 246 - 254 .
Li Y , Zhou X , Su P , et al . A scaling distribution for grain composition of debris flow [J]. Geomorphology , 2013 , 192 ( 442 ): 30 - 42 .
Li Y , Huang C , Wang B , et al . A unified expression for grain size distribution of soils [J]. Geoderma , 2017 , 288 : 105 - 119 .
Wang B , Li Y , Liu D , et al . Debris flow density determined by grain composition [J]. Landslides , 2018 , 15 : 1 205 - 1 213 .
Ishikawa N , Shima J , Matsubara T , et al . Trapping mechanism of debris flow by steel open dams [C]∥ Interpravent International Symposium , Nara : Universal Academy Press , 2014 : 1 - 6 .
Shima J , Moriyama H , Kokuryo H , et al . Prevention and mitigation of debris flow hazards by using steel open-type sabo dams [J]. International Journal of Erosion Control Engineering , 2016 , 9 ( 3 ): 135 ⁃ 144 .
曾耀生 . 土石流通過梳子壩之水理特性研究 [D]. 中国台湾 : 台湾大学 , 2005 .
Zeng Y Sh . The study of the hydraulic characteristics of debris flow passing through the slit dam [D]. Twniwan , China: Taiwan University , 2005 . (in Chinese)
Mao L , Cavalli M , Comiti F , et al . Sediment transfer processes in two alpine catchments of contrasting morphological settings [J]. Journal of Hydrology , 2009 , 364 ( 1/2 ): 88 - 98 .
Cazzador O , Rainato R , Picco L , et al . Geomorphological characterization of rivers to detect sediment (dis) connectivity: the Rio Cordon Study Case [C]∥ EGU General Assembly,[S.l.]:[s.n.], 2017:19 .
0
浏览量
0
下载量
2
CSCD
关联资源
相关文章
相关作者
相关机构
苏公网安备32010202012147号
