A series of lateral sand-pipe interaction tests were performed to investigate the influences of critical parameters including sand density

pipe diameter

burial depth on the peak soil ultimate resistance and to preliminarily reveal the sand-pipe interaction mechanism at different burial depths.Simplified analytical models were developed for different failure modes of sand for shallow and deep pipe burial depths.Following the methods of p-ycurves used in the analysis of soil-pile interactions

analytical solutions of peak lateral soil resistance to the pipe were derived for different soil failure modes corresponding to shallow and deep burial conditions based on the simplified analytical models.From the experimental and analytical results

it was found that the proposed analytical models for lateral sand-pipe interaction can well predict the experimental results as well as numerical results from previous research for both shallow and deep burial conditions.This validates the accuracy and feasibility of the proposed analytical models.