With the development of urban rail transit communication engineering in China

the rail transit network of megacities was gradually formed

such as Beijing

Shanghai and Guangzhou

and the transfers of different lines or the spatial crosses of the rail lines and the other city facilities were developed

therefor the depth of subway stations was increasing and the accidents caused by the artesian water were increasing meanwhile.In this paper

based on the twenty-seven cases

the relationship of the risk of the artesian water and the type of the retaining structure and the thickness of the soil above the artesian water

and the fault tree analysis was employed to identify and array the factors of the risk of the artesian water.Then

a case was discussed to propose the precautions and the emergency measurements of the risk of the artesian water for the deep excavation engineering.Finally

the measurements of the emergency dewatering wells and the pumping test before the excavation were proposed.