1.中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所,四川 成都 610041
2.中国科学院大学,北京 100000
3.西南科技大学环境与资源学院,四川 绵阳 621010
4.西南交通大学土木工程学院,四川 成都 610031
李聪(1996—),男,硕士研究生。主要从事泥石流方面的研究。E-mail: 1176048272@qq.com
纸质出版:2022-02-28
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李聪,邹强,蒋虎等.泥石流作用下夯土建筑灾变响应特征研究[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2022,42(01):42-50.
LI Cong,ZOU Qiang,JIANG Hu,et al.Disaster Response Characteristics of Rammed Earth Buildings to Debris Flow[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2022,42(01):42-50.
李聪,邹强,蒋虎等.泥石流作用下夯土建筑灾变响应特征研究[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2022,42(01):42-50. DOI: 10.13409/j.cnki.jdpme.200201103001.
LI Cong,ZOU Qiang,JIANG Hu,et al.Disaster Response Characteristics of Rammed Earth Buildings to Debris Flow[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2022,42(01):42-50. DOI: 10.13409/j.cnki.jdpme.200201103001.
探究泥石流对夯土房屋的破坏模式及其动力致灾特征,有利于推进研究山区房屋承灾体对泥石流的灾变机制,对提高灾害风险管理水平、指导山区防灾减灾工作具有重要意义。通过实地调研凉山喜德县基恩德沟火后泥石流,总结了泥石流对夯土房屋的破坏模式,分析了泥石流动力学特征,根据现场受损房屋实测数据进行三维建模,利用有限元分析方法,获取了夯土建筑的位移时程响应和应力时程响应,反演了夯土建筑承灾破坏过程,探讨了泥石流作用下夯土建筑灾变响应特征。结果表明:(1)泥石流对夯土房屋的破坏模式表现为:通过墙体干缩裂缝渗入室内淤埋房屋;冲刷墙体基础导致墙体倒塌;携带大石块冲毁建筑;(2)墙体受泥石流冲击破坏表现为冲击点压碎破坏、墙体内侧受拉破坏和墙角剪切破坏;纵墙损伤为泥石流冲毁山墙后进入室内沿门洞冲出时导致的第二次破坏;(3)夯土房屋整体性较差,裂缝的发展切断了应力的传递路径,有效保护了其他墙体;(4)夯土房屋在泥石流作用下率先破坏的区域为大石块撞击点、墙基和墙角等形状突变位置。为此,夯土房屋防护,可首先考虑加固墙基和墙体转角等应力突变位置。
It is of great significance for improving disaster risk management and guiding disaster prevention work to study the failure modes and dynamic response characteristics of rammed earth buildings subject to debris flow disasters in mountainous areas. Based on the field investigation of the Liangshan Jiendian debris flow incident, the paper summarized the failure modes of rammed-earth houses under the impact of the debris flow. By establishing an equal-scale rammed earth building model, the paper used the finite element method to obtain the displacement time history response and stress time history response of the structure and simulate the process of debris flow destroying the building. The results show: ① The damage modes of rammed earth housessubjectto debris flow are erosion, siltation and impact. Debris flow infiltrates into the room through the shrinkage cracks of the wall, causing the house to be buried, scours the foundation of the wall resulting in the collapse of the wall, and washing away the wall by carrying rocks. ②The impact failure of the wall by debris flow is characterized by crushing failure at the impact point, tensile failure at the inner side of the wall and shear failure at the corner of the wall; the damage of the longitudinal wall is the second failure caused by the debris flow when it destroyed the gable wall, rushed into the room and broke the doorway. ③Moreover, the integrity of rammed earth buildings is poor, and the cracks cut off the propagation path of stress, which effectively protects other walls. ④Under the impact of debris flow, the first damaged area of the rammed earth house is the wall base, corner and impact point of big stones. Therefore, to protect rammed earth buildings, the stress mutation positions such as wall foundation and corner should be reinforced first.
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