This paper discussed the necessity and possibility to build architecture with Intelligent Structure System

and probed the components of Intelligent Structure System of Architecture

based on the study of biological evolution. The study of biological evolution shows that the mode of biological evolution changed when the tool was invented. By using tools

human being adapted themselves actively to the environment without change the gene in body. As a result

the evolution of tool kept the same step with the human evolution. The more complicated the tool is

the more intelligent it will be. To provide matter materials support for the Intelligent Structure System of Architecture

this paper introduced some newly developed intelligent materials

such as optical fiber

carbon fiber reinforced concrete. Only based on these intelligent materials

can the architecture sense and react to the change of environment. By imitating life situation

the Intelligent Structure System of Architecture was divided into the parts as follows: sensing like nervous system

analyzing like neural network

driving as musculature

self-concrescence

integration of intelligent materials. With all of these parts

the Intelligent Structure System of Architecture has the basic characteristics of creature

and that is"feeling

thinking and reacting". Furthermore

it was pointed out that setting up Intelligent Structure System of Architecture would not only supply more effective security for the architecture

but also offer a development direction of the harmonious coexistence between human and nature.